Hi tuxman, this time we are going to talk about the Internet Relay Chat, or simply IRC. In the first part of this article we will review this protocol, how to use Irssi or XChat to connect on Freenode and other IRC networks,enter on channels and talk to people. After that, you will see how to start your own IRC service with UnrealIRCd.
Table of contents
- Introduction
- Connecting on IRC
- Basic IRC commands
- Serving IRC with UnrealIRCd
Introduction
You may remember the IRC chats, when there was no such thing as Facebook Google+ or LinkedIn and our social networks were IRC chat channels. Today we have a lot of alternatives to talk to someone on the internet, along with the social networks we have many popular messaging services, such as Whatsapp, Skype, Hangouts and so on.
However, despite IRC is not the main communication program on the internet, it is still alive and a great tool. It is a lightweight, widely deployed and standardized protocol, originally created on 1988 by BBS users as a replacement and improvement for the talk program and that by its characteristics, saw the birth and death of many other messaging systems.
Connecting on IRC
To connect to an IRC network, you will need a client software. Here are some good clients for Linux.
Irssi
Irssi is a curses based IRC client, it is pretty great, customizable, allows the use of scripts and dismiss the need of a X server.
Install
yum install irssi
Connect to a network with the -c flag,
irssi -c irc.freenode.org
To switch between Irssi windows can be a little tricky at the first time, you can use [Ctrl+n] to go to next window and [Ctrl+p] for the previous. the /window command.
/window [ next | previous ]
Use the list parameter to display a list with the open windows
/window list
You can then jump to the listed window number with [Alt+#], where # is the window number between 1-9. Another way to do this is with the goto parameter
/window goto [1-9]
You can also find good tips on how to use Irssi on quadpoint website.
XChat
XChat simplify the process for new comers by giving you point and click options to commands and most actions.
You can install XChat with yum
yum install xchat
Connect to IRC networks, using the dialog presented to you when you just start XChat, also accessible from menu XChat->Network List [Ctrl+s]
Connect to IRC networks on XChat
As you sucessfully connect to the network, you can select one of the options to join to channels. You can also use the menu Server->List of Channels.
IRC join Freenode XChat
Basic IRC commands
Now you have a client ,here are some commands that you can use on IRC. When you first connect on a network, you will be given a nickname based on your system login by the client, and to change your nickname to Tuxman for instance, try this.
/nick Tuxman
With a new, you may want to enter on a channel. To list channels related to development try
/list #devel*
Once you find the channel you are interested on, try to join with /join #channelname.
/join #linux
OK, you are on a channel, you can start talking now, to know who is on the channel, do this with names
/names
Maybe you want to know more about who is someone on the network, try whois.
/whois MrRobot
Want to a chat window with someone? query.
/query MrRobot
Register you nick
You don't need to create an account to chat on IRC networks. However, if you want to prevent your nickname of being be used by someone else, you must register you nickname on the network. This will also give you access to resources that require registered nicknames, such as cloaking and access to more channels.
Let's suppose that you want to register the Tuxman nickname on Freenode. Ask the NickServ to REGISTER your nickname
/msg NickServ REGISTER password me@email.com
After that you must get your verification code that was sent to the email you provided and send it to NickServ
/msg NickServ VERIFY REGISTER nickname verifycode
You have registered your nickname, now you can identify yourself to the network
/msg NickServ IDENTIFY password
Connect and identify at Irssi startup with -n and -w flags.
irssi -c irc.freenode.net -n nickname -w password
You should also change your password from time to time, use the following command
/msg nickserv set password newpassword
Installing UnrealIRCd
Among other Ircd implementations there is the UnrealIRCd. It is fully featured, modular and highly documented, also the most implemented IRC server nowadays, corresponding to more than 50% of the currently running IRC servers.
Extra Requirements
Here is some requirements to get best of your UnrealIRCd, despite it is not required, it is strongly recommended as you will see.
Ntp - You must have correct time and date, ntp is your best choice to maintain time and date correct.
Install ntp
yum install ntp
Enable ntpd
chkconfig ntpd on
OpenSSL - This is also optional, this will be used if you want SSL/TLS support.
yum install openssl
Zlib - This will let you to compress the network packets and reduce the load over the links.
yum install zlib
Get UnrealIRCd
Download Unrealircd.
wget --no-check-certificate https://www.unrealircd.org/downloads/Unreal3.2.10.5.tar.gz
Extact the tarball
tar zxvf Unreal3.2.10.5.tar.gz
Enter the sources tree
cd Unreal*
Enable chroot irc user and irc group (recommended)
This step is optional but strongly recommended as it will allow you to drop superuser rights and run UnreadIRCd under an unprivileged user account, inside a chrooted environment, and thus will make the whole setup much safer.
To do this you must edit include/config.h file within the sources directory.
Chroot environment feature is defined by the following directive
/* #define CHROOTDIR */
Define the IRC_USER constant
/* #define IRC_USER "<user name>" */
Define the IRC_GROUP constant
/* #define IRC_GROUP "<group name>" */
Create group for ircd
groupadd ircd
Create ircd user and add it to the ircd group.
useradd ircd -s /bin/false -g ircd
Set the password for the ircd user to make sure no one can enter.
passwd ircd
Configure the build
At this point you follow the questions on the screen, and you can use default settings most of then, however, I advice you to answer Yes when asked to enable ssl support.
./config
Configuring UnrealIRCd build
Build the sources
make
Install files
make install
If you enabled the ircd user, group and chroot features, you should now change the ownership of UnrealIRCd directory.
chown -R ircd:ircd /home/ircd/UnrealIRCd
Configure
It is time to make your IRC daemon work. For this edit the unrealircd.conf, the configuration file for UnrealIRCd. You can find the well documented file doc/sample.conf under your UnrealIRCD directory tree, it may help you in your journey. I created this working snippets with a brief description.
me - This block sets some basic server settings, name, basic info and the numeric value that must be unique across server on the same network.
me {
name "irc.localhost";
info "My Server";
numeric 1;};
admin - Here you set who is the server administrator, its name, nickname and email.
admin {
"George Jedi"; /* Name */
"geroge";/* Nick Name */
"george@heaven.net"; /* Email */};
class clients/servers - This sets how clients and other servers are handled by the our server respectively. ping frequency, maximum of clients connections, frequency of reconnection tries, receive and send queues.
class clients {
pingfreq 90;
maxclients 500;
sendq 100000;
recvq 8000;};'
class servers {
pingfreq 90;
maxclients 10; /* Max servers we can have linked at a time */
sendq 1000000;
connfreq 100; /* How many seconds between each connection attempt */};
allow - Define who can connect to the server and how. First block allows user connections from any IP or hostname and limits the connections to 5 per IP. Second block allows only one authenticated connection to people from ugly.people.com
allow {
ip *;
hostname *;
class clients;
maxperip 5;};
allow {
ip *@*;
hostname *@*.ugly.people.com;
class clients;
password "jayajaya";
maxperip 1;};
listen - Which ports to listen for connections. On the block we are listening at port 6697 for user clients connecting over secure socket layer (SSL). Note also the line simple statement for plaintext connections at port 6667
listen *:6697 {
options {
ssl;
clientsonly;};
};
#listen *:8067;
listen *:6667;
#listen *:6660-6669;
oper - Operator attributes, in this example we use an operator nicknamed george that can connect from anywhere with the "fuba" password
oper george {
class clients;
from {
userhost *@*;
};password "fuba";
flags {netadmin;
can_gkline;
can_kline;
can_unkline;
can_gzline;
can_zline;
can_restart;
can_die;
can_rehash;
global;};
swhois "Example of a whois mask";
snomask cFfkoSsqNG;};
loadmodule - Loads modules, these are the minimum recommended
loadmodule "modules/commands.so";
loadmodule "modules/cloak.so";
log - How log files will be written, on the example we log events flagged as errors, kills and so
log ircd.log {
maxsize 5MB;
flags {errors;
kills;
oper;
tkl;};
};
set - You may set many other things here, in our example we have a network at domain gaia.net called gaianet, that connect people to the #welcome channel, we set 3 different alphanumeric cloak keys, set the hosts on the network, create a #help channel and other options that are detailed on nrealircd.org.
set {
kline-address my@email.address;
auto-join #welcome;
opoptions {
hide-ulines;
};
maxchannelsperuser 10;
services-server "services.gaia.net";
default-server "localhost";
network-name "gaianet";
help-channel "#help";
hiddenhost-prefix "gaia";cloak-keys {
"aoAr1O6fh3Q6w4Hnl3J7hVz4Zb7x4YwpW";
"andaoAr1HnR6gl3sJ7uhVzO6fh3Q6w4oN3";
"a2Ja2JO6fh3Q6w4oNs7O6fh3Q6w4oN3s7";};
hosts {
local "locop.gaia.net";
global "ircop.gaia.net";
coadmin "coadmin.gaia.net";
admin "admin.gaia.net";
servicesadmin "csops.gaia.net";
netadmin "netadmin.gaia.net";
host-on-oper-up "no";};
};
Start UnrealIRCd
With all things in place, you can start your IRC daemon now. Add the following command on rc.local to start UnrealIRCd when your system starts.
/home/ircd/UnrealIRCd/unreal start
It should run with no problems, however if face any problem during the startup, read the error messages on the terminal and also on the ircd.log file to figure out what is wrong.
Conclusion
You are done for now, your client and server should be running now, you can talk to people worldwide using some of the global networks or using your own network. However, it is a good idea to learn more on the IRC protocol, how to manage networks, channels and users, etc. The following documents should help you.
RFC documents
The following RFC defines the standards for the IRC protocol. You should read this before you can get best of IRC.
RFC-1459, RFC-2810, RFC-2811, RFC-2812, RFC-2813, RFC-7194
UnrealIRCd support and docs
Refer official documentation of UnrealIRCd to acquire more information. It contains all details that are not described on this document. You can also get help from IRC by connecting on irc.unrealircd.org:6667 on the #unreal-support channel. Thanks for reading!
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